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目的:了解作为经皮给药载体的醇质体的研究进展。方法:根据文献,综述了醇质体在选用药物的条件、组成、制备方法、理化特性及体外透皮吸收等方面的信息。结果与结论:有效治疗剂量小、透皮速率足够大的药物可制备成醇质体;醇质体一般组成为低分子量的醇、磷脂和水;制备方法包括注入法、注入-超声结合法、薄膜分散法和pH梯度法;其形态多为球形或近球形的多室囊泡,结构较稳定,Zeta电位一般为负值,包封效果较优;渗透速率较相应的脂质体和水醇溶液快,透皮量和皮肤中累积量也相对较高。由于其无毒性及皮肤刺激性,是皮肤透皮给药较理想的载体。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the research progress of ethosomes as carriers for transdermal delivery. Methods: Based on the literature, the conditions, composition, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and transdermal absorption in vitro of ethosomes were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The drugs with low therapeutic dose and high transdermal rate can be prepared into ethosomes. The ethosomes are generally composed of low molecular weight alcohols, phospholipids and water. The preparation methods include injection, injection-ultrasound, Thin film dispersion method and pH gradient method. The morphology of the multi-compartment vesicles is spherical or nearly spherical, the structure is stable, the Zeta potential is generally negative, and the encapsulation effect is better. The permeation rate is higher than that of the corresponding liposomes and hydroalcohol Fast solution, transdermal volume and accumulation in the skin is relatively high. Due to its non-toxicity and skin irritation, it is an ideal carrier for skin transdermal delivery.