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在近代中国史上,随着西方列强对中国侵略的加深,中华民族掀起了广泛的爱国救亡运动。这一运动在中国近代历史的不同时期、不同地区以及不同的人们中以不同的方式体现出来,而在19世纪60—90年代则以反洋教斗争为主要方式。导致这种方式出现的原因是什么?它给了我们一些什么样的历史启示呢? 一 1840年鸦片战争的大炮打开了中国封闭的大门。为时势所迫,中国开始走向世界,去对付西方大国的扩张主义,并因此走上了缓慢而畸形的近代化过程。在这种奇特的近代化过程中,中国人的思想观念以及生活方式均遭到前所未有的冲击,传统文化面临着严峻的挑战;而以列强武力为后盾并作为侵华主要文化代表人物的传教士,与中国社会各阶层发生了极为普遍、频繁的联系,得以输入西方文明。这种异国宗教与文明的输入背
In the history of modern China, as the Western powers intensified their aggression against China, the Chinese nation launched a broad patriotic national salvation movement. This movement was manifested in different ways in different periods of modern Chinese history, in different regions and different people. In the 1960s and 1990s, however, the anti-foreign religious struggle was the mainstay. What led to this approach? What kind of historical inspiration did it give us? The Opium War of 1840 opened the door to China’s closed doors. For the time being forced, China began to go to the world to deal with the expansionism of the Western powers and thus embarked on a slow and abnormal modernization process. In this peculiar process of modernization, the ideology and way of life of the Chinese people have been hit with unprecedented challenges. Traditional culture faces severe challenges. However, missionaries backed by the might of the Armed Forces and serving as the main representatives of the invasion of China , Have had extremely common and frequent contacts with all sectors of Chinese society and have been able to import Western civilization. This exotic religion and civilized input back