Nanoparticles (NPs) which are innovation and research focus in drug delivery systems,still have some disadvantages limiting its application in clinical use,such as short circulation time,recognition and clearance by reticuloendothelial system (RES) and passive targeting in certain organs.However,the recent combination of natural components and nanotechnology has offered new solutions to address these problems.A novel biomimetic platform consisting of nanoparticle core and membrane shell,such as cell membrane,exosome or vesicle vastly improves properties of nanoparticles.These coated nanoparticles can replicate the unique functions of the membrane,such as prolonged blood circulation,active targeting capability and enhanced internalization.In this review,we focus on the newest development of biological-camouflaged nanoparticles and mainly introduce its application related to cancer therapy and toll-like receptor.