徐州市小学生睡眠时间、视屏时间和超重与肥胖的关系研究

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目的 探讨徐州市小学生睡眠时间、视屏时间和超重与肥胖的关系.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,选取徐州市10所小学的一至六年级的3 228名小学生作为研究对象,其中男生1 679人,女生1 549人,年龄为(10.78±0.69)岁.问卷调查学生一般情况、睡眠时间、视屏时间,统一测量身高、体重,采用Logistic回归方法分析睡眠时间、视屏时间对小学生超重与肥胖的影响.结果 徐州市小学男、女生超重率分别为16.56%、11.94%(χ2=13.59,P<0.05);肥胖率分别为14.47%、10.07%(χ2=14.01,P<0.05).74.41%的小学生睡眠不足,睡眠时间为(9.24±1.07)h.男、女生平均睡眠时间分别为(9.35±1.12)h、(9.13±1.03)h,差异有统计学意义(t=5.79,P<0.05).男生、女生超重与肥胖组睡眠充足比例均低于体重正常组(χ2=18.62,21.14,P<0.05).17.29%的小学生视屏时间过长,男生视屏时间较女生长(Z=3.02,P=0.014).男生超重与肥胖组与体重正常组视屏时间大于2 h的比例分别为29.50% (82/278)、22.56%(316/1 401),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.18,P=0.01),女生超重与肥胖组与体重正常组平均视屏时间大于2 h的比例分别为12.98%(24/185)、9.97%(136/1 364),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.59,P=0.21).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,在调整了父母肥胖、喜食甜食、体育锻炼等因素后,睡眠时间短的小学生整体超重/肥胖的风险增加1.4倍(95%CI :1.15~1.71);男、女生风险分别增加1.56倍(95%CI :1.13~2.14)、1.69倍(95%CI :1.15~2.46).视屏时间长的小学生整体超重与肥胖的风险增加1.14倍(95%CI :1.05~1.80);男生风险增加1.18倍(95%CI : 1.03~1.67).结论 睡眠时间短可能是徐州市小学生超重与肥胖的危险因素,而视屏时间长可能是小学男生超重与肥胖的危险因素.“,”Objective To analyze the relationship between sleep duration, screen viewing time, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among primary school students in Xuzhou. Methods Using a cluster sampling method, a total of 3 228 students (including 1 679 boys and 1 549 girls with an average age of 10.78±0.69 years) from grade one to six from 10 primary schools in Xuzhou underwent interview using a self?designed questionnaire containing basic characteristics, sleep duration, and screen viewing time. Data on height and weight were also collected. The relationship between sleep duration, screen viewing time, and overweight/obesity was analyzed using a logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence rates of overweight among boys and girls were 16.56% and 11.94%, respectively (χ2=13.59, P<0.05). The prevalence rates of obesity among boys and girls were 14.47% and 10.07%, respectively (χ2=14.01, P<0.05). In total, 74.41% students reported a lack of sleep; the average sleeping time was (9.24±1.07) h. The average sleeping time among boys was (9.35 ± 1.12) h and among girls was (9.13 ± 1.03) h. The difference in sleep duration between boys and girls was significant (t=5.79, P<0.05). The differences in sleep duration and overweight/obesity were significant between both boys (χ2=18.62, P<0.05) and girls (χ2=21.14, P<0.05). Regarding screen viewing time, 17.29% of students spent more than 2 hours per day viewing a screen. The difference in screen viewing time between boys and girls was significant (Z=3.02, P=0.014). The proportion of children with screen viewing time of more than 2 h/d among overweight/obese and healthy weight male students was 29.50% (82/278) and 22.56% (316/1401), respectively, which was significantly different (χ2=6.18, P=0.01). However, there was no significant difference when examining the same groups among girls (12.98% (24/185;obese/overweight) vs . 9.97% (136/1364; healthy weight); χ2=1.59, P=0.21). After adjusting for parental obesity, eating sweets, and physical activity, logistic regression analysis showed that students who had a sleep duration less than 10 h/d had an odds ratio of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.15-1.71), the odds ratio for boys and girls was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.13-2.14) and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.15-2.46). The students who had a screen viewing time of more than 2 h/d had an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05-1.80); the odds ratio for boys in this group was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03-1.67). Conclusion Short sleep duration is a risk factor for being overweight/obese in both boys and girls. However, long screen viewing times were associated with being overweight/obese only in boys.
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