许多实证研究表明,对学生进行科学的本质教育是可能的。但科学的本质特征具有两面性,存在着现代现实主义和后现代相对主义两种倾向,关于学生对科学本质的认识,美国《国家科学教育标准》和《科学素养的基准》对不同年龄阶段学生做出了不同的规定。对两者进行解读、整理后发现:随着学生学习年级的提高,学生的科学本质观应逐步从现代现实主义转向后现代相对主义。 Many empirical studies show that it is possible to educate students on their own nature. However, the essential characteristics of science have two sides, there are two tendencies of modern realism and post-modern relativism. Regarding the students ’understanding of the nature of science, the United States’ “National Science Education Standards” and “Scientific Literacy Standards” Different rules. Interpretation of the two, found that: With the improvement of students’ grades, students should gradually shift from modern realism to post-modern relativism.