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研究者大多关注美国犹太作家索尔·贝娄早期小说《受害者》中的反犹主义而疏忽了他在小说中对资本主义制度的批判。《受害者》创作于上世纪40年代大萧条时期,此时贝娄受托洛茨基主义影响具有左倾倾向,但因后期他背离了左翼政治、转变为新保守主义而对政治问题三缄其口,他早期小说中的政治思想也尚未被学界充分认知。文章以贝娄在大萧条语境下的托洛茨基主义思想为基础,结合马恩理论,从小说中的集体失业与个人失业两方面分析贝娄在《受害者》中对资本主义制度的否定以及对不平等的劳工关系的批判。
Most of the researchers are concerned about anti-Semitism in the “victim” of the early Jewish American writer Saul Bellow and neglect his critique of the capitalist system in the novel. “Victim” was created during the Great Depression of the 1940s, when Bellow had a left-leaning tendency under the influence of Trotskyism. Later, however, he deviated from left-wing politics and turned to neo-conservatism and remained silent on political issues. The political ideas in novels have not yet been fully recognized by the academic circles. Based on the Trotskyism of Bellow in the context of the Great Depression and based on the theory of Marx and Engels, this essay analyzes the relationship between Bellow’s “victim” and capitalist system in terms of collective unemployment and personal unemployment Negation and criticism of unequal labor relations.