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黑龙江省矿产资源丰富,全省现有矿产地1 122处,矿山企业7 605个,采矿占用的土地总面积1 023.04km2,有水土流失总面积869.59 km2,除厂区外,其它均为强度以上侵蚀区,平均侵蚀模数14 700 t/(km2.a)。采矿业所造成的生态环境问题:产生水土流失,破坏侵占土地资源,引发地面塌陷、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害,造成土地荒漠化、石漠化。矿山废弃物对土地和地表水与地下水等环境资源形成污染。矿区水土流失综合防治对策:建立预防监督机制、加强水土保持监测、注重工程治理措施及其配置,并将矿区分为黏土类、石矿类、煤矿类和金属矿类,结合各类矿区立地条件特性,提出了有针对性的防控措施。
Heilongjiang Province is rich in mineral resources. The province has 1,122 existing mineral resources and 7,605 mining enterprises. The total area of land occupied by mining is 1 023.04 km 2, with a total area of 869.59 km 2, with the exception of the plant area, all others are of strength above erosion Area, the average erosion modulus 14 700 t / (km2.a). The ecological and environmental problems caused by the mining industry include: soil erosion, destruction of land occupation of resources, triggering of geological disasters such as landslides, landslides and landslides, resulting in land desertification and rocky desertification. Mine wastes pollute environmental resources such as land and surface water and groundwater. Comprehensive Prevention and Control Measures for Soil and Water Loss in Mining Areas: Establishing a mechanism for prevention and supervision, strengthening monitoring of soil and water conservation, paying attention to engineering measures and their allocation, dividing the mine into clay, quarry, coal mine and metal mine, Characteristics, put forward a targeted prevention and control measures.