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本文从受害人过错角度研究违反安全保障义务侵权责任的承担问题。《民法通则》第一百三十一条规定:受害人对于损害的发生也有过错的,可以减轻侵害人的民事责任。这在违反安全保障义务侵权责任中适用的尤其多,即法官在判定受害人存在过错时让受害人承担比例不等的损失以减轻安保义务人的责任。但由于对受害人过错自由裁量的空间太大而往往导致了判决的不确定性,本文通过案例分析对比的方式,将受害人过错情况类型化,希望对法官有一定的参考。
This article studies the assumption of liability for breach of obligation of safety and security from the perspective of the victim. Article 131 of the “General Principles of Civil Law” stipulates that if the victim is also at fault in the occurrence of the damage, the civil liability of the person who infringes may be alleviated. This applies in particular to breaches of the obligation of tort of safeguards. In other words, the judge, in determining the fault of the victim, bears the victim a disproportionate amount of loss so as to relieve the obligation of the security obligor. However, due to the fact that the victim’s discretion is too much, the uncertainty of the verdict often leads to the uncertainty of the verdict. Based on a case-by-case comparison, this article tries to classify the victim’s fault and hopefully gives some reference to the judge.