目的　探索学龄前儿童视力低常状况 ,及弱视患病率 ,为临床治疗提供依据。方法　对福州市 3～ 7岁 2 1 95 2名学龄前儿童进行视力普查 ,将单眼或双眼视力低于 1 0者 ,通知到门诊复查 ,将矫正视力 <0 9,定为弱视。结果　视力低常与年龄密切相关 ,患病率 1 4 35 % ,其中男 1 4 1 1 % ,女 1 4 5 8% ;弱视患病率 3 38% ,各年龄组弱视患病率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;视力低常者屈光不正分布 :远视 81 96 % ,近视 8 4 3% ,混合散光 9 6 1 % ,三者差异有显著性。结论　学龄前儿童年龄越小 ,视力低常率越高 ;各年龄组弱视患病率无差异 ;对 3～ 4岁儿童进行弱视诊断时应注意年龄因素 Objective To explore the low vision condition of pre-school children and the prevalence of amblyopia, to provide the basis for clinical treatment. Methods A total of 2,195 preschool children aged 3 ~ 7 years old in Fuzhou were examined by eyesight. The visual acuity of less than 10 in one or both eyes was notified to the outpatient department for review. The corrected visual acuity was set as amblyopia. Results Low visual acuity was closely related to age, with a prevalence of 14.5%, of which 41.1% were male and 145.5% of female, while the prevalence of amblyopia was 38%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of amblyopia among all age groups (P> 0.05). The distribution of refractive error in 81 cases with low visual acuity was 81 96% with hyperopia, 84.3% with myopia and 9661% with mixed astigmatism. There was significant difference among the three groups. Conclusion The smaller the preschool-age children, the lower the rate of visual acuity. The prevalence of amblyopia in all age groups was no difference. Amblyopic children aged 3 to 4 years should pay attention to age factors