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研究巷道支护首先涉及的问题,是怎样判断围岩是否发生破坏。如果开巷后围岩不会破坏,就无须支护,即使支护,支护结构也只是作为安全储备。如果开巷后围岩会发生破坏,继而涉及的问题是支护结构至少要有多大的抗力才能阻止围岩破坏?在这个抗力作用下围岩会产生多大变形?这个抗力就是最小支护抗力,这个变形就是围岩不致破坏的最大允许变形(图1)。只要知道最小支护抗力和最大允许变形,就可以正确规定支护结构的强度条件和刚度条件,选择合理的支护形式。从目前量测技术的发展情况看,只要有既可伸缩又可调节抗力的专用支架,现场量测最小支护抗力和最大允许变形在技术上不会有太大困难。现场量测是件费时费力的工作,只能在工程地质条件分类的
The first question involved in the study of roadway support is how to determine whether the surrounding rock is damaged. If the surrounding rock is not damaged after opening the lane, there is no need to support it. Even if it is supported, the supporting structure is only used as a safety reserve. If the surrounding rock would break down after opening the roadway, then the question is whether the supporting structure needs at least a lot of resistance to prevent the destruction of the surrounding rock. How much deformation will the surrounding rock produce under this resistance? This resistance is the minimum supporting resistance. This deformation is the maximum allowable deformation of the surrounding rock without destruction (Figure 1). As long as the minimum support resistance and the maximum allowable deformation are known, the strength conditions and stiffness conditions of the support structure can be properly specified, and a reasonable support form can be selected. From the current development of measurement technology, as long as there are special brackets that can both expand and adjust the resistance, the measurement of the minimum support resistance and the maximum allowable deformation in the field will not be technically difficult. On-site measurement is a time-consuming and laborious task and can only be classified in engineering geological conditions.