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引言沙尘(暴)天气是我国北方春季较为常见的一种灾害性天气现象。根据水平能见度的大小,沙尘天气可划分为浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴三个等级。有关资料研究表明,1999年后我国大部分地区沙尘天气有明显增多的趋势。首都机场2000年共出现能见度小于3公里的沙尘天气7日,2001年共出现4日。特别是2000年4月6日,首都机场短时出现能见度1公里的沙尘天气,北京南苑等地能见度短时小于1公里,达到了沙尘暴的强度。因此,加强沙尘暴天气的研究,提高沙尘(暴)的预报水平,是十分重要的课题之一。本文通过对发生在首都机场两次相邻天气过程的对比分析,意在探寻影响北京沙尘(暴)天气过程的主要天气系统、环流特征和预报着眼点。
Introduction The dust (storm) weather is a kind of disastrous weather phenomenon that is more common in northern China in springtime. According to the level of visibility, dust weather can be divided into three levels: dust, sand and sandstorms. Research on data shows that the dust weather in most parts of China has obviously increased after 1999. Capital Airport in 2000 there were a total of less than 3 km visibility of dust weather on the 7th, in 2001 a total of 4 days. Especially on April 6, 2000, the dust weather of 1 km of visibility at the Capital Airport occurred for a short time. The visibility of Nanyuan in Beijing was less than 1 km for a short time, reaching the intensity of sandstorms. Therefore, it is a very important issue to strengthen the research on sandstorm weather and improve the forecast of dust (storm). Through comparative analysis of two adjacent weather processes occurring at Capital Airport, this paper attempts to explore the main weather systems, circulation features and forecasting points that affect Beijing’s dust (storm) weather process.