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在《鹿特丹规则》之前,《汉堡规则》曾经对统一国际海运立法作了一次突破性的尝试,然而收效甚微,仅有少数非航运大国加入,还加剧了国际海运法律的不统一。而这种法律的不统一,阻碍了国际间货物的自由流动,直接增加了国际贸易的交易成本,因此《鹿特丹规则》作为统一国际海运规范的又一次尝试呼之欲出。《鹿特丹规则》在形式上依然采取国际条约的方式,在内容上则进行了制度创新,重新配置了承运人和收货人的权利和义务,更结合了当今国际社会多层次主体、多元治理模式的发展趋势。着眼中国的航运大国和贸易大国的现实,中国在《鹿特丹规则》语境下的利益取向决定着其今后的贸易走势。尽管中国暂未加入《鹿特丹规则》,但不可否定的是,《鹿特丹规则》的生效和有效运营对我国对外贸易有着深远的影响。
Prior to the Rotterdam Rules, the Hamburg Rules made a groundbreaking attempt to unify the international maritime legislation. However, with little effect, only a few non-shipping big countries joined in and further aggravated the non-uniformity of international maritime law. However, the disunity of such laws hinders the free flow of international goods and directly increases the transaction costs of international trade. Therefore, the Rotterdam Rules are yet another attempt to unify the international shipping rules. The Rotterdam Rules still take the form of an international treaty in terms of form. In terms of content, they have carried out institutional innovation and reconfigured the rights and obligations of carriers and consignees. They also combined the multi-level bodies of the international community today, the pluralistic governance model The trend of development. Focusing on the reality of China’s big shipping and trading nations, China’s interests in the context of the “Rotterdam Rules” determine its future trade trends. Although China has not yet acceded to the Rotterdam Rules, it is undeniable that the entry into force and effective operation of the Rotterdam Rules have a profound impact on China’s foreign trade.