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免疫应答水平低下是制约DNA疫苗发展的一个障碍。细菌菌影(bacterialghost,BG)是利用φX174噬菌体的裂解蛋白将革兰氏阴性细菌裂解后形成的空腔,它保留了细菌结构的完整性,具有免疫佐剂的特性,可以作为递送载体,靶向性的将DNA疫苗导入到抗原递呈细胞,从而提高DNA疫苗的免疫应答水平,此外,装载核酸疫苗的细菌菌影可以通过多种方式进行免疫,例如,肌肉注射、皮下注射、口服、黏膜免疫等,更是从根本上提高了DNA疫苗的免疫水平,因此可以说BG是一个极具潜力的核酸疫苗递送载体。现就BG的特性及其在DNA疫苗递送载体中应用的最新进展做一综述。
Low immune response is a barrier to the development of DNA vaccines. Bacterial ghost (BG) is a cavity formed by the cleavage of Gram-negative bacteria by the φX174 bacteriophage lytic protein. It retains the integrity of the bacterial structure and has the properties of immune adjuvant and can be used as a delivery carrier. DNA vaccines are introduced into antigen-presenting cells in a directional manner to enhance the immune response of DNA vaccines. In addition, the bacterial ghosts loaded with nucleic acid vaccines can be immunized in a variety of ways such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral, mucosal Immune, etc., but also fundamentally improve the level of DNA vaccine immunity, it can be said that BG is a highly potential nucleic acid vaccine delivery vector. The characteristics of BG and its recent progress in DNA vaccine delivery vectors are reviewed.