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以吉林省1923-2005年育成的30个大豆(Glycine max)品种为材料,通过2005和2006两年田间试验在R2、R4和R6期对叶部性状演化及其与产量的关系进行研究。结果表明,产量随育成年代呈线性增加,根据回归方程计算,产量从1923年的1 197.80kg.hm-2增加到2005年的2 305.545 kg.hm-2,82年来增加了1 107.73kg.hm-2,平均每年增加14.60kg.hm-2;单株叶面积、单株叶片数目、长宽比和叶面积指数(LAI)随着育成年代的推近而增加,小叶面积随着育成年代的推近而降低;新品种的单株叶面积在生殖生长期均大于老品种,尤其在后期有较长的绿叶期;通过相关分析表明,产量与单株叶面积、叶面积指数均达到显著水平(P≤0.05),在R2和R4期与单株叶片数目到显著水平(P≤0.05),说明在遗传改良过程中叶部性状与产量关系密切,在品种选育和高产栽培过程中可以考虑作为选择的依据。
In this study, 30 soybean cultivars (Glycine max) cultivated in Jilin Province from 1923 to 2005 were used as materials. The leaf evolvement and their relationship with yield were studied in the R2, R4 and R6 field experiments in 2005 and 2006. The results showed that the yield increased linearly with the age of breeding. According to the regression equation, the yield increased from 1 197.80kg.hm-2 in 1923 to 2 305.545 kg.hm-2 in 2005, which increased by 1 107.73kg.hm2 -2, an average annual increase of 14.60kg.hm-2; leaf area per plant, the number of leaves per plant, aspect ratio and leaf area index (LAI) increased with the age of breeding increased, leaf area with the age of breeding The leaf area per plant of the new variety was greater than that of the old variety in the reproductive growth period, especially in the later period. According to the correlation analysis, the yield, the leaf area per plant and the leaf area index reached a significant level (P≤0.05), and the number of leaves per plant in R2 and R4 reached significant level (P≤0.05), which indicated that leaf traits were closely related to yield during the genetic improvement process and could be considered as Basis of choice.