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在20世纪西方艺术批评史上,形式主义批评与意识形态理论都产生了巨大的影响。这两种理论对艺术所持的根本立场截然不同。形式主义批评注重艺术内部风格技法的传承与演变,强调艺术自身的独立性。意识形态理论则认为艺术是一种社会存在,受到政治、经济、文化等外界因素的影响。这种影响主要体现在各种权力等级差异对艺术的控制。文章通过西方艺术中的女性形象这一主流题材,指出两大理论在对待艺术中的欲望问题时显示的偏激之处,并试图建立一种人文主义的艺术观对其进行超越。
In the history of Western art criticism in the 20th century, both formalist criticism and ideological theory had a tremendous impact. The two theories hold radically different positions on art. Formalist criticism emphasizes the inheritance and evolution of the internal style and technique of art and emphasizes the independence of art itself. Ideology theory holds that art is a kind of social existence influenced by external factors such as politics, economy and culture. This effect is mainly reflected in the control of the arts at various levels of power. Through the mainstream theme of female images in western art, the article points out the extreme points of the two theories in treating the desire in art and tries to establish a humanist view of art to surpass them.