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本文概述了近年鱼类生物技术在中国之发展。在倍数性育种方面,已获得了至少6种同源多倍体和2种异源多倍体;将诱导雌核发育和人工性逆转技术相结合,建立了一套快速获得鱼类自交系的方法。在核移植方面,获得了核、质分别来源于不同种、属和亚科的移核鱼,并成功地以经短期培养的鲫鱼肾细胞作核供体,获得了1尾移核鱼,从而证明了鱼类体细胞仍具发育全能性。用电场诱导鱼类未受精卵和囊胚细胞间,用微束激光诱导受精卵间的融合,均已获得鱼苗。在基因转移方面,围绕外源基因在鱼类的整合、转录、表达及其生物学效应等方面,进行了一系列的研究。所采用的转基因方法包括显微注射、电穿孔及精子载体法等。在分离有价值鱼类基因方面,已获得了3种生长激素基因,2种肌动蛋白基因,1个泌乳素cDNA和1个抗冻蛋白的cDNA。
This article outlines the development of fish biotechnology in China in recent years. In multiploid breeding, at least 6 kinds of homologous polyploidy and 2 kinds of heterologous polyploidy have been obtained. Combining the technique of inducing gynogenetic development and artificial reversal, a set of rapid access to fish inbred lines Methods. In the field of nuclear transfer, nuclear and qualitative nuclear transfer from different species, subfamilies, and subfamilies were obtained, and one of them was successfully obtained by using short-term cultured crucian carp kidney cells as nuclear donors It is proved that the somatic cells of fish still have developmental pluripotency. Electric field has been used to induce the fusion between unfertilized eggs and blastocyst cells of fish and the fertilization of ovum with microbeam laser. In terms of gene transfer, a series of studies have been carried out on the integration, transcription, expression and biological effects of exogenous genes in fish. Transgenic methods used include microinjection, electroporation and sperm vector methods. In isolation of valuable fish genes, cDNAs for three growth hormone genes, two actin genes, one prolactin cDNA and one antifreeze protein have been obtained.