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苏联中小学的语文学科分成“俄语”(在少数民族地区称“本族语”)和“文学”两科,作文放在俄语课上进行。过去是七岁入学,中小学为十年一贯制。近年来改为六岁入学,学制改为十一年一贯制。小学为四年(1—4年级),开设“俄语”和“祖国语言”。初中为五年(5—9年级),高中为两年(10—11年级),都开设“俄语”和“文学”。初中的文学课学习著名作家的代表作品,高中的文学课是按时期和年代顺序学习俄罗斯、苏维埃简明文学史和原著。
The language subjects of Soviet primary and secondary schools are divided into two sections: “Russian” (called “national” in minority areas) and “Literature”. Compositions are performed in Russian classes. In the past, seven-year-old enrollment, and primary and secondary schools had a consistent ten-year system. In recent years, it has been changed to six years of schooling, and the school system has been changed to a consistent system for eleven years. The primary school is four years (grades 1 to 4), and “Russian” and “homeland language” are opened. Junior high school is five years (grades 5-9), high school is two years (grades 10-11), and both “Russian” and “Literature” are opened." The junior high school literature class learns the representative works of famous writers, and the high school literature class is to study the history of the concise literature of Russia and Soviets and the original works according to the order of time and chronological order.