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[目的]观察某电解铝厂周边居民的尿氟水平与每日摄氟量之间的关系,并探讨儿童氟斑牙与累计摄氟量之间的剂量效应关系。[方法]于2013年7月选择广西某电解铝厂周边0.3 km,1.3 km处分别选择3个和2个自然屯作为监测点1和2,于铝厂3.5 km处的1个自然屯作为对照点(监测点3)。于各监测点分别随机抽取50名以上当地出生、生活且无职业氟暴露史的居民(共计388人)作为调查对象。问卷调查膳食摄入量;收集其晨尿检测尿氟;对所有6~12岁儿童由专科医生进行氟斑牙检查;对各监测点空气、居民饮用水、农作物、蔬菜和肉类中的氟含量进行检测,评估儿童累计摄氟量与儿童氟斑牙患病率之间的关系。[结果]监测点1和2及对照点居民每日摄氟量分别为(0.73±0.13)、(0.70±0.11)、(0.39±0.03)mg/d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);上述3组人群尿氟浓度分别为(1.80±0.84)、(1.44±0.86)、(0.71±0.39)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);偏相关分析在控制年龄因素后,人群尿氟浓度与每日摄氟量相关系数r=0.441(P<0.05);在儿童累计摄氟量与儿童氟斑牙患病率的剂量效应关系研究中,计算出儿童累计摄氟量的基准剂量(BMD)和基准剂量95%可信区间下限(BMDL)分别为1 371.11 mg和572.98 mg。[结论]该电解铝厂周边居民尿氟浓度及儿童氟斑牙发病率均增高,可能与该厂排放污染物有关。
[Objective] To observe the relationship between urinary fluoride level and daily fluoride intake of residents around an electrolytic aluminum plant and to explore the dose-response relationship between dental fluorosis and fluoride exposure in children. [Method] Three and two natural villages were selected as monitoring points 1 and 2 in 0.3 km and 1.3 km around an electrolytic aluminum plant in Guangxi in July 2013. One natural area at 3.5 km from the aluminum plant was used as control Point (monitoring point 3). Fifty or more residents (388 in total) with local history of birth and life without occupational exposure to fluoride were selected randomly from the monitoring sites as the survey subjects. Questionnaire survey dietary intake; morning urinalysis to detect urinary fluoride; all children aged 6 to 12 years of dental fluorosis by specialists; on the monitoring points of air, drinking water, crops, vegetables and meat, fluorine Content of the test to assess the cumulative amount of children fluoride intake and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children. [Results] The daily intake of fluoride in inhabitants at monitoring sites 1 and 2 and control sites were (0.73 ± 0.13), (0.70 ± 0.11) and (0.39 ± 0.03) mg / d respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05) (1.80 ± 0.84), (1.44 ± 0.86) and (0.71 ± 0.39) mg / L respectively in the three groups (P <0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that after the age control , And the correlation coefficient of urinary fluoride concentration and daily fluoride exposure was 0.441 (P <0.05). In the study of the dose-effect relationship between the cumulative fluorine exposure of children and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children, the cumulative fluoride intake of children (BMD) and the 95% lower limit of confidence (BMDL) for baseline doses were 1 371.11 mg and 572.98 mg, respectively. [Conclusion] The urinary fluoride concentration and the incidence of dental fluorosis in children around the electrolytic aluminum plant increased, which may be related to the discharge of pollutants by the plant.