伽利略(1564——1642),意大利物理学家、天文学家。他推翻了亚里士多德关于“物体落下的速度和重量成比例”的学说,建立了落体定律。他是经典力学和实验物理学的先驱者,也是利用望远镜观察天体取得大量成果的第一人。他的《关于两种世界体系的对话》批判了托勒密的地心说,支持哥白尼的地动说,这使他两次遭到罗马教廷圣职部的判罪管制。在逝世前,他完成了另一部伟大的著作《两种新科学的对话》,总结了自己在力学上的工作和见解。 Galileo (1564--1642), Italian physicist, astronomer. He overthrew Aristotle’s doctrine that “the speed and weight of an object fall proportionately”, and established the Law of Fall. He is a pioneer in classical mechanics and experimental physics and the first to use telescopes to observe the celestial bodies. His “Dialogue on the Two World Systems” criticized Ptolemy’s geocentric theory and supported Copernicus’s motto, which made him twice convicted in the ministry of the Holy See. Before his death, he completed another great book, “Two New Scientific Dialogues,” summarizing his own mechanistic work and insights.