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7.Tempering of quenched steel The structure of a steel quenched to form martensite is highly unstable. Reasons for the instabili-ty include the supersaturation of carbon atoms in the body-centered tetragonal crystal lattice ofmartensite, the strain energy associateed with the fine dislocation or twin structure of the martensite,the interfacial energy associated with the high density of lath or plate boundaries, and the retainedaustenitee that is invariably present even in low-carbon steels. The supersaturation of carbon atoms
Reasons for the instabili-ty include the supersaturation of carbon atoms in the body-centered tetragonal crystal lattice of martensite, the strain energy associateed with the fine dislocation or twin structure of the martensite, the interfacial energy associated with the high density of lath or plate boundaries, and the retained austenitee that is invariably present even in low-carbon steels. The supersaturation of carbon atoms