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脂类是脂肪(或称甘油三酯)和类脂的总称。脂肪包括动、植物油;类脂包括磷脂、糖脂、胆固醇和蜡等。脂类物质在化学成分和结构上虽有很大的差异,然而它们却有一个共同的性质,——不溶于水,而溶于一种或多种脂溶剂中。脂类物质这种特性,主要是由于组成它的碳氢成分所决定。因此,脂类物质在体内被吸收利用与脂溶剂物质的存在有关。脂类物质是体内组织细胞中一切膜状结构的重要组成部分,膜状结构是生命活动过程中物质代谢和能量代谢的重要场所。故脂类具有重要的生物学功能。缺乏时,将导致膜状结构的更新缓慢,线粒体和红细胞膜易老化,对低渗溶液的抵抗力减弱,甚至溶血等。
Lipids are a general term for fats (or triglycerides) and lipids. Fats include animal and vegetable oils; lipids include phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, and waxes. Lipids vary widely in chemical composition and structure, but they have one thing in common: they are insoluble in water but soluble in one or more lipid solvents. This property of lipids is mainly determined by the hydrocarbon components that make up it. Therefore, the absorption and utilization of lipids in the body are related to the presence of lipid solvent substances. Lipids are an important component of all membranous structures in the cells of the body. Membrane structures are important sites for metabolism and energy metabolism during life activities. Therefore, lipids have important biological functions. In the absence, it will lead to a slow renewal of the membranous structure, aging of mitochondria and erythrocyte membranes, resistance to hypotonic solutions, and even hemolysis.