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目的:比较椎间孔镜神经根减压松解术(BEIS)、椎板间开窗髓核摘除术治疗单节段单侧腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法:抽取2018年1月至2020年1月在巴彦淖尔市医院治疗的单节段单侧LDH患者88例，按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组44例。对照组采用椎板间开窗髓核摘除术，观察组采用BEIS术。对比两组患者的手术指标、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、日本矫形外科协会(JOA)评分及并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者术后1 d VAS评分、治疗前后ODI评分、JOA评分及术后并发症发生率比较差异均未见统计学意义(n P均>0.05)。观察组出血量、下床活动时间及住院时间分别为(12.56±2.23)ml、(2.48±1.57)d、(4.05±0.46)d，均少于对照组的(49.85±4.45)ml、(4.44±1.59)d、(10.12±2.78)d，n P均<0.05；观察组手术时间为(82.83±5.74)min，长于对照组的(45.46±6.16)min，n P0.05). The bleeding volume, out-of bed time, hospital stay of the observation group were (12.56±2.23)ml, (2.48±1.57)d, and (4.05±0.46)d, respectively, less than the (49.85±4.45)ml, (4.44±1.59)d, and (10.12±2.78)d of the control group (alln P<0.05). And the operation time of the observation group was (82.83±5.74)min, longer than the (45.46±6.16)min of the control group (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:The effect and safety of BEIS in the treatment of single segment unilateral LDH are equivalent to that of nucleus pulposus removal by intervertebral disc fenestration, but the former has less blood loss and faster postoperative recovery.