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在中国传统社会,军人的角色地位与军权结构存在着相互建构的关系。先秦时期,组成军权的各个要素即统领、调动和指挥军队的权力合一,各级贵族是军事活动的主角,军人阶层在社会组织结构中处于中心地位;秦汉以后的专制帝国时期,历代统治者均设置不同机构分割军事权力,军事将领集团日益受到抑制,军人阶层在社会组织结构中日益处于边缘化的地位。军人社会地位的日益下降造成传统社会尚武精神的缺失,同时传统社会的军权配置方式,也并未彻底解决武人干政的问题。
In traditional Chinese society, the role of military personnel and the structure of military power exist in a mutually constructive relationship. In the pre-Qin period, the various elements of the formation of the military forces led the mobilization and command of the unified power of the army. The aristocrats at all levels were the protagonists of the military activities. The military class was at a central position in the social structure. After the Qin and Han dynasties, All of them set up different agencies to separate their military power. The military generals’ groups are being increasingly suppressed. The military class is increasingly marginalized in the social organization structure. The declining social status of military personnel has caused the absence of the militaristic spirit of the traditional society. At the same time, the military means of allocation in the traditional society have not completely solved the issue of the military intervention in the military.