目的分析浙江省长兴县矿山行业尘肺发病特征,为制定尘肺防治对策提供科学依据。方法收集2006-2013年长兴县矿山行业新发尘肺诊断病例资料,就不同尘肺种类、工种、发病年龄、接尘起始年代的接尘工龄进行分析。结果 2006-2013年长兴县矿山行业尘肺报告病例共168例,非煤矿矽肺108例,煤矿行业与非煤矿行业尘肺发病平均接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(F=59.68,P<0.01),非煤矿行业辅助工种与一线操作工种尘肺发病平均接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(F=28.26,P<0.01),不同发病年龄的尘肺发病平均接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(F=7.26,P<0.01),不同接尘起始年代的尘肺发病平均接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(F=121.87,P<0.01)。结论长兴县矿山行业尘肺病危害越趋严重,尘肺病发病平均接尘工龄越来越短,尘肺病发病越趋年轻化,需要及时制定有效的矿山尘肺病防治对策,遏制这种发展的势头。 Objective To analyze the characteristics of pneumoconiosis in the mining industry in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, and provide a scientific basis for the development of pneumoconiosis prevention and control measures. Methods The data of new cases of pneumoconiosis diagnosed in the mining industry in Changxing County from 2006 to 2013 were collected. The types of pneumoconiosis, types of work, age of onset and age of dust pick-up were analyzed. Results A total of 168 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in the mining industry in Changxing from 2006 to 2013, 108 cases of non-coal silicosis, and the average dust pick-up length of pneumoconiosis in the coal mining and non-coal mining industries was statistically significant (F = 59.68, P <0.01) There was a significant difference in average occupational service age of dust-exposed pneumoconiosis among coal-mining auxiliary workers and first-line operatives (F = 28.26, P <0.01). The average age of dust-exposed workers with different age of onset was significantly different (F = 7.26, P <0.01). There were significant differences in the average dust-pick working length of pneumoconiosis between the different dust-collecting years (F = 121.87, P <0.01). Conclusion The risk of pneumoconiosis in mining industry of Changxing County is more and more serious. The average service life of pneumoconiosis is getting shorter and shorter. The incidence of pneumoconiosis is getting younger and younger. It is necessary to make effective measures to prevent and control mine pneumoconiosis in a timely manner to curb the momentum of this development.