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中考对词汇的考查可谓形式多样、不拘一格。那么词汇题都有哪些常见题型？需要掌握哪些解题方法与技巧呢？
常见题型展示
A. 根据句意填写单词。
1. (2011南通卷) The bottle was full yesterday but now its . Perhaps Tom has drunk all the juice in it.
2. (2011长春卷) Kate wants to have long curly like her mothers.
3. (2011长春卷) People usually wear clothes on cold days.
4. (2011长春卷) Everyone may make a mistake. Dont laugh others.
B. 根据句意及首字母提示填写单词。
5. (2011盐城卷) We are good friends and seldom speak or act a each other.
6. (2011盐城卷) My mother was so tired that she fell a when watching TV.
7. (2011广州卷) What a p ! I failed the chemistry exam again.
8. (2011杭州卷) Jack is the tallest a the three students.
C. 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
9. (2011南京卷) Its the (第一) time for Nanjing to hold the Asia Bike Show. It is sure to be a great success.
10. (2011常州卷) — Which of these shirts do you like best?
— Ill take (没有). They are both expensive and out of fashion.
11. (2011徐州卷) My brother sleeps with the window open (除非) its really cold.
D. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
12. (2011盐城卷) Ricky had a (please) trip to Lushan Mountain last spring.
13. (2011淮安卷) Sally prefers staying at home to (go) out on Sundays.
14. (2011无锡卷) You can make a (choose) among those programmes.
15. (2011泰州卷) In the modern world, people often contact each other by (send) emails.
E. 根据句意及所给英文提示填写单词。
16. (2011宿迁卷) Peters father is very (not free), so he does not have much time for his family.
17. (2011南通卷) If you live in a new city without friends, you can be very (unhappy because of being alone).
Keys:
1. empty 2. hair 3. warm 4. at 5. against 6. asleep 7. pity 8. among 9. first 10. neither 11. unless 12. pleasant 13. going 14. choice 15. sending 16. busy 17. lonely
解题方法与技巧
1. 通览全句，仔细审题
考查词汇的各种题目一般都精心设置了语境，或者说有的就是“陷阱”，要真正答好题，必须做到认真审题，看清题目要求、具体内容和所给提示。
例1 (2011南京卷) Look! The teenagers are making cards (show) love for their mothers.
简析：在主动句中，使役动词make, let和have后面必须跟省略to的动词不定式，不少同学受这一语法知识的影响，此题就会误填show。其实，这里考查的是动词不定式短语在句中作目的状语，故应填to show。
例2 (2011黄冈卷) If you want to improve your English, you should try to practise (说) English as much as possible in and out of class.
简析：speak, say, tell及talk均可表示“说”，此题由关键词English可知应选speak。粗心的同学以为填入speak就正确无误，其实不然，因为speak跟在practise之后，而practise后面需跟动词ing形式作宾语，所以答案是speaking。
2. 分析句意，巧解疑难
由于词汇题设置了语境，这就要求考生必须在充分理解句子意义的基础上，对不同的题目进行合理的判断。 例3 (2011常州卷) You neednt be frightened because these insects are completely (harm).
简析：根据语境可知：你不必害怕，因为这些昆虫是完全没有害处的。harm作名词时，意为“伤害”，其形容词形式为harmful(有害的)，此处应填反义形容词unharmful或harmless。
例4 (2012模拟题)— Im too tired.
— So am I. Wed better stop (walk) and have a rest.
简析：根据语境可知：谈话的双方感到很累，故建议停止行走并休息一会儿。英语中表示停止做某事，用“stop doing sth.” 结构，因此，空白处应填walking。
3. 抓住关键，看好横线
很多词汇题中，都不同程度地设置了关键性的词、词组、短语或句子，只要找准关键词，并按照一定的规则进行分析、填写即可。
例5 (2011泰州卷)He is a (honest) boy so we seldom believe what he says.
简析：本题的关键词是seldom，其意为“很少，不常”，这就不难推断出“他是一个不诚实的男孩”。honest是形容词，意为“诚实的”，其否定词是在前面加否定前缀dis，故空白处应填dishonest。
例6 (2011南京卷)In order to provide better services for foreigners during the 2nd Youth Olympic Games, lots of bus and taxi drivers are busy (learn) English.
简析：本题的关键是“be busy doing sth.” 结构，意为“忙于做某事”，busy后须跟动词ing形式，故空白处应填learning。
4. 仔细比对，注意联想
由于词汇题的考查范围可以涉及到英语知识的方方面面，这就要求考生平时要打好词汇、语法等基础；同时在答题时要通读全句，进行信息的比较、筛选甚至联想后，再选出符合题意的词语并填写其适当形式，以避免答非所问或张冠李戴。
例7 (2011扬州卷)Kathy always makes (少) mistakes than the other students in her class.
简析：通过分析，这里须填形容词“少”的比较级形式——fewer或less。但是，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式，less修饰不可数名词，故空白处只能填fewer。
例8 (2011淮安卷)How is your uncle? Please say hello to (he) for me.
简析：依据he(主格)，我们可以联想到him(宾格)、his(形容词性和名词性物主代词)、himself(反身代词)。say hello to是个及物短语，其后须跟名词或代词作宾语，故空白处应填him。
5. 仔细复查，验证答案
答完词汇题后，要进行检查，不该丢的分，就一定不要丢。在检查过程中，要注意句子的意思是否完整、是否符合题目要求，单词的拼写及形式(包括字母大、小写)是否正确。
总之，要答好每一种词汇题，都必须认真研究题干和选项，做到意义明确、思路清晰，这样才能在考试中立于不败之地。
常见题型展示
A. 根据句意填写单词。
1. (2011南通卷) The bottle was full yesterday but now its . Perhaps Tom has drunk all the juice in it.
2. (2011长春卷) Kate wants to have long curly like her mothers.
3. (2011长春卷) People usually wear clothes on cold days.
4. (2011长春卷) Everyone may make a mistake. Dont laugh others.
B. 根据句意及首字母提示填写单词。
5. (2011盐城卷) We are good friends and seldom speak or act a each other.
6. (2011盐城卷) My mother was so tired that she fell a when watching TV.
7. (2011广州卷) What a p ! I failed the chemistry exam again.
8. (2011杭州卷) Jack is the tallest a the three students.
C. 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
9. (2011南京卷) Its the (第一) time for Nanjing to hold the Asia Bike Show. It is sure to be a great success.
10. (2011常州卷) — Which of these shirts do you like best?
— Ill take (没有). They are both expensive and out of fashion.
11. (2011徐州卷) My brother sleeps with the window open (除非) its really cold.
D. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
12. (2011盐城卷) Ricky had a (please) trip to Lushan Mountain last spring.
13. (2011淮安卷) Sally prefers staying at home to (go) out on Sundays.
14. (2011无锡卷) You can make a (choose) among those programmes.
15. (2011泰州卷) In the modern world, people often contact each other by (send) emails.
E. 根据句意及所给英文提示填写单词。
16. (2011宿迁卷) Peters father is very (not free), so he does not have much time for his family.
17. (2011南通卷) If you live in a new city without friends, you can be very (unhappy because of being alone).
Keys:
1. empty 2. hair 3. warm 4. at 5. against 6. asleep 7. pity 8. among 9. first 10. neither 11. unless 12. pleasant 13. going 14. choice 15. sending 16. busy 17. lonely
解题方法与技巧
1. 通览全句，仔细审题
考查词汇的各种题目一般都精心设置了语境，或者说有的就是“陷阱”，要真正答好题，必须做到认真审题，看清题目要求、具体内容和所给提示。
例1 (2011南京卷) Look! The teenagers are making cards (show) love for their mothers.
简析：在主动句中，使役动词make, let和have后面必须跟省略to的动词不定式，不少同学受这一语法知识的影响，此题就会误填show。其实，这里考查的是动词不定式短语在句中作目的状语，故应填to show。
例2 (2011黄冈卷) If you want to improve your English, you should try to practise (说) English as much as possible in and out of class.
简析：speak, say, tell及talk均可表示“说”，此题由关键词English可知应选speak。粗心的同学以为填入speak就正确无误，其实不然，因为speak跟在practise之后，而practise后面需跟动词ing形式作宾语，所以答案是speaking。
2. 分析句意，巧解疑难
由于词汇题设置了语境，这就要求考生必须在充分理解句子意义的基础上，对不同的题目进行合理的判断。 例3 (2011常州卷) You neednt be frightened because these insects are completely (harm).
简析：根据语境可知：你不必害怕，因为这些昆虫是完全没有害处的。harm作名词时，意为“伤害”，其形容词形式为harmful(有害的)，此处应填反义形容词unharmful或harmless。
例4 (2012模拟题)— Im too tired.
— So am I. Wed better stop (walk) and have a rest.
简析：根据语境可知：谈话的双方感到很累，故建议停止行走并休息一会儿。英语中表示停止做某事，用“stop doing sth.” 结构，因此，空白处应填walking。
3. 抓住关键，看好横线
很多词汇题中，都不同程度地设置了关键性的词、词组、短语或句子，只要找准关键词，并按照一定的规则进行分析、填写即可。
例5 (2011泰州卷)He is a (honest) boy so we seldom believe what he says.
简析：本题的关键词是seldom，其意为“很少，不常”，这就不难推断出“他是一个不诚实的男孩”。honest是形容词，意为“诚实的”，其否定词是在前面加否定前缀dis，故空白处应填dishonest。
例6 (2011南京卷)In order to provide better services for foreigners during the 2nd Youth Olympic Games, lots of bus and taxi drivers are busy (learn) English.
简析：本题的关键是“be busy doing sth.” 结构，意为“忙于做某事”，busy后须跟动词ing形式，故空白处应填learning。
4. 仔细比对，注意联想
由于词汇题的考查范围可以涉及到英语知识的方方面面，这就要求考生平时要打好词汇、语法等基础；同时在答题时要通读全句，进行信息的比较、筛选甚至联想后，再选出符合题意的词语并填写其适当形式，以避免答非所问或张冠李戴。
例7 (2011扬州卷)Kathy always makes (少) mistakes than the other students in her class.
简析：通过分析，这里须填形容词“少”的比较级形式——fewer或less。但是，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式，less修饰不可数名词，故空白处只能填fewer。
例8 (2011淮安卷)How is your uncle? Please say hello to (he) for me.
简析：依据he(主格)，我们可以联想到him(宾格)、his(形容词性和名词性物主代词)、himself(反身代词)。say hello to是个及物短语，其后须跟名词或代词作宾语，故空白处应填him。
5. 仔细复查，验证答案
答完词汇题后，要进行检查，不该丢的分，就一定不要丢。在检查过程中，要注意句子的意思是否完整、是否符合题目要求，单词的拼写及形式(包括字母大、小写)是否正确。
总之，要答好每一种词汇题，都必须认真研究题干和选项，做到意义明确、思路清晰，这样才能在考试中立于不败之地。