马克思主义哲学的主体性问题本来是针对原有哲学教科书体系缺乏主体性而提出的,当讨论深入时,由于争论双方把主体性或是归入唯物主义或是归入唯心主义的尖锐对立,使得主体性问题成为事关马克思主义哲学性质的重大问题,因此,有必要对马克思哲学的主体性作进一步的辨析。 一、主体性提出的两个层次 主体性在哲学思想史上曾被从不同的角度和层次两次提出。 第一次提出是在十六、十七世纪。古代时期,哲学的主题是本体论,在主观意识和客观自然何为本原的探讨中,主体客体二分的认识论未能得到充分展开,随后中世纪的神学和经院哲学进一步压抑了认识论的生成,因而古代哲学未能提出主体性问题。然而到了十六世 The subjectivity of Marxist philosophy was originally formulated in the light of the lack of subjectivity of the original philosophical textbook system. When the discussion was deepening, because the two sides of the debate put the subjectivity either sharply into materialism or categorized into idealism, The question of subjectivity becomes a major issue concerning the nature of Marxist philosophy. Therefore, it is necessary to further analyze the subjectivity of Marxist philosophy. First, the subjectivity of the two levels of subjectivity proposed in the history of philosophical thought has been raised from different angles and levels twice. The first proposal was made in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In ancient times, the theme of philosophy was ontology. In the discussion of what the subjective and objective nature are, the epistemology of dichotomy of the subject was not fully developed. Later, the theology of the Middle Ages and Scholasticism further depress the formation of epistemology, thus Ancient philosophy failed to raise the issue of subjectivity. However, to the sixteenth world