目的：了解大理地区急性肾衰发病及防治现状。方法：分析大理地区二所综合医院１９９３年～１９９７年收治７８例急性肾衰的发病率、病因构成、死亡原因、死亡率与防治措施和特点。结果：该地区急性肾功能衰竭发病率在住院患者中的比例为５５％，引起急性肾功能衰竭主要病因生鱼胆中毒占４１％（３７／７８例）。死亡原因主要为多脏器功能衰竭。血液透析组死亡率９２３％，非透析组死亡率３８５％，两组之间存在统计学差异（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：急性肾功能衰竭在大理地区发病率偏高，食生鱼胆是主要病因。加强卫生宣教工作，发病后进行血液净化治疗是降低发病率和死亡率的关键。 Objective: To understand the status of acute renal failure and prevention and treatment in Dali. Methods: The incidence, causes, death causes, mortality and prevention measures and characteristics of 78 acute renal failure patients in two general hospitals in Dali district from 1993 to 1997 were analyzed. Results: The incidence of acute renal failure in this area was 55% in hospitalized patients, accounting for 41% (37/78 cases) of the primary causes of acute renal failure. The main cause of death was multiple organ failure. The hemodialysis group had a mortality rate of 923% and the non-dialysis group had a mortality rate of 385%. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <001). Conclusion: The incidence of acute renal failure in Dali area is high, and raw fish gall is the main cause. Strengthen the health education mission, after the onset of blood purification treatment is to reduce morbidity and mortality key.