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于2012~2013年在江西省油菜主产县(市)开展田间试验,比较研究了稻田不同轮作系统对作物产量、经济效益、养分吸收利用以及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明:与冬季休闲后种植水稻相比,冬季种植油菜后早、中、晚稻的平均单株有效穗数分别提高了7.54%、2.63%和0.47%,平均单株实粒数分别提高了12.73%、5.82%和0.03%,平均产量分别提高了10.03%、8.75%和4.59%;在6种轮作系统中,以油菜-早稻-晚稻轮作系统的经济效益最高;冬季种植油菜可以提高早稻和中稻的氮、磷、钾素的总积累量和吸收利用率;冬季种植油菜还可以提高稻田土壤的有机质、有效磷和速效钾的含量,降低稻田土壤的pH值。
A field experiment was conducted in the major producing rapeseed counties (cities) in Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2013. The effects of different cropping systems on crop yield, economic benefits, nutrient uptake and utilization and soil nutrient contents were compared. The results showed that the average number of panicle per plant in early, middle and late rice increased by 7.54%, 2.63% and 0.47% respectively after winter rapeseed planting in winter, compared with that in winter after planting, the average number of single plant per plant increased by 12.73 The average yield increased by 10.03%, 8.75% and 4.59% respectively. Among the six rotation systems, the rapeseed-early rice-late rice rotation system had the highest economic benefit. The rapeseed cultivation in winter could increase the yield of early and middle rice The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation and absorption efficiency in winter paddy soils also increased the content of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium, and decreased the pH value of paddy soils.