Retinal vessel segmentation is a significant problem in the analysis of fundus images. A novel deep leaing structure called the Gaussian net (GNET) model combined with a saliency model is proposed for retinal vessel segmentation. A saliency image is used as the input of the GNET model replacing the original image. The GNET model adopts a bilaterally symmetrical structure. In the left structure, the first layer is upsampling and the other layers are max-pooling. In the right structure, the final layer is max-pooling and the other layers are upsampling. The proposed approach is evaluated using the DRIVE database. Ex-perimental results indicate that the GNET model can obtain more precise features and subtle details than the UNET models. The proposed algorithm performs well in extracting vessel networks, and is more accurate than other deep leaing methods. Retinal vessel segmentation can help extract vessel change characteristics and provide a basis for screening the cerebrovascular diseases.