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目的分析2011年-2013年重庆市渝东北片区手足口病(Hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD)的病原学特征,为该病防治提供参考。方法对8个区县送检的HFMD患者临床标本采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real time RT-PCR)方法对通用肠道病毒(EV)、肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(CA16)特异性核酸进行检测。结果从1 797例HFMD患者采集到2 264份标本,检出EV阳性1 428份,EV阳性率为63.07%;确诊HFMD病例1 111例,其中EV71型354例、CA16型302例、其他肠道病毒455例。HFMD主要流行病原2011年为EV71(38.81%)和CA16(34.46%),2012年为CA16(35.33%),2013年为其他肠道病毒(64.71%)。流行高峰期主要集中在4月-6月,次高峰发生在11月。连续3年的HFMD监测病例中F标本阳性检出率最高。结论重庆市渝东北片区HFMD流行病原构成复杂,病原谱变化大,应持续开展病原学监测。
Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Chongqing-Chongqing area from 2011 to 2013 and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods The clinical samples of HFMD patients from 8 districts and counties were tested for their clinical significance by using real time RT-PCR (real-time RT-PCR) to detect EV, EV71 and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) specific nucleic acid detection. Results A total of 2 264 samples were collected from 1 797 patients with HFMD, and 1 428 were EV positive. The positive rate of EV was 63.07%. A total of 1 111 HFMD cases were confirmed, of which 354 were EV71, 302 were CA16, 455 cases of virus. The major epidemic pathogens of HFMD were EV71 (38.81%) and CA16 (34.46%) in 2011, CA16 (35.33%) in 2012 and other enteroviruses in 2013 (64.71%). The peak of the epidemic mainly in April-June, the second peak occurred in November. The highest positive rate of F specimens was found in HFMD surveillance cases for three consecutive years. Conclusion The epidemic pathogen of HFMD in Chongqing Yuzhongbei Area is complex and the pathogen spectrum changes greatly. Etiological monitoring should be continued.