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衍射光学元件的设计理论主要是基于光学衍射理论,对于不同的应用可以有特定的设计方法。衍射光学元件可以看成多阶相位型的透镜,相当于衍射透镜。将平面基底的衍射透镜模拟为普通薄透镜,从数学处理上,衍射透镜等效于折射率无限大的薄透镜,因此可以直接运用几何光学的相关理论研究其成像特性。
The design theory of diffractive optical elements is mainly based on the optical diffraction theory, and can have specific design methods for different applications. Diffractive optical element can be seen as a multi-phase lens, the equivalent of a diffractive lens. The diffractive lens of a planar substrate is modeled as an ordinary thin lens. From the perspective of mathematical processing, a diffractive lens is equivalent to a thin lens with an infinite refractive index. Therefore, the imaging theory can be directly studied by using the theory of geometrical optics.