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以水稻、小麦、玉米秸秆和油菜、蚕豆青秆为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法,并结合主成分分析方法,研究了不同秸秆翻埋还田对旱地和水田土壤微生物数量、菌群分布、群落结构特征等的影响.PLFA分析结果表明,旱地土壤PLFA总量变幅为8.35~25.15 nmol·g-1,大小顺序为油菜>蚕豆>玉米>水稻>小麦,5种秸秆翻埋还田均能提高土壤微生物PLFA总量,其中油菜、蚕豆处理分别是不加秸秆处理的2.18、2.08倍,差异显著;5种秸秆处理各菌群PLFA量均高于不加秸秆处理,其中真菌量均显著提高,微生物群落物种丰富度值也显著提高.水田土壤PLFA总量变幅为4.04~22.19nmol·g-1,大小顺序为水稻>玉米>小麦>油菜>蚕豆,其中油菜和蚕豆处理低于不加秸秆处理;除蚕豆外其余秸秆处理真菌PLFA量均显著高于不加秸秆处理,蚕豆处理细菌和PLFA总量均显著低于其他处理,各处理间放线菌、革兰氏阳性菌(G+)、革兰氏阴性菌(G-)无显著差异;水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜均能显著提高水田土壤微生物的物种丰富度指数和优势度指数.主成分分析结果表明蚕豆青秆对旱地土壤微生物群落结构影响最大,油菜青秆和小麦秸秆对水田土壤微生物群落结构影响最大.
With the methods of PLFA and principal component analysis, the effects of different straw mounds on the soil microbial quantity in dryland and paddy soil, Distribution and community structure etc. The results of PLFA analysis showed that the total amount of PLFA in upland soil fluctuated from 8.35 to 25.15 nmol · g-1 in order of rape, broad bean, corn, rice, wheat and five kinds of straw Tian Jun can increase the total amount of soil microbial PLFA, of which rape, broad bean processing were 2.18,2.08 times without straw treatment, the difference was significant; 5 kinds of straw treatment of the flora PLFA volume were higher than without straw, in which fungal amount And the species richness value of microbial community also increased significantly.The total PLFA amplitude of paddy soils ranged from 4.04 to 22.19nmol · g-1, with the order of rice> corn> wheat> canola> broad bean, of which rapeseed and broad bean were lower The amount of PLFA in the remaining straw except the broad bean was significantly higher than that of the untreated straw, the total amount of the bacteria and PLFA in the faba bean was significantly lower than that in the other treatments, the actinomyces, Gram-positive bacteria (G +) and Gram-negative bacteria (G-) showed no significant difference.The rice species, wheat, maize and rapeseed could all significantly increase the species richness index and dominance index of paddy soil microbes.The principal component analysis showed that Soil microbial community structure had the greatest impact on dry land, and rapeseed straw and wheat straw had the greatest impact on paddy soil microbial community structure.