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二手烟的暴露问题日益为全球公共卫生所关注,二手烟可以损害人体的很多部位和器官,其对健康的危害已为众多科学研究所证实。我国公众暴露于二手烟的场所很广泛,其中家庭、公共场所和工作场所都是被动吸烟比较严重的地方。二手烟暴露人群中,有67%在公共场所、35%在工作场所接触二手烟。不同年龄、性别和职业的人群,在各类场所接触二手烟的比例也不同。25~59岁的男性在公共场所和工作场所遭受暴露的比例最高。网吧是二手烟暴露问题最严重的场所之一,在我国的网民群体中,24岁以下网民占70.7%,在网吧上网的比例为39.2%,网吧已经成为青少年网民主要的上网阵地。网吧中的很多青少年,每次上网时间都较长,如果不能有效地禁止场所内的吸烟现象,那么二手烟会严重危害上网青少年的健康,加强对这类场所控烟的监管力度对于人群健康具有非常重要的意义。本文旨在分析我国网吧的二手烟暴露问题,回顾国际上公共场所的成功控烟经验,并探讨适合我国国情的网吧等公共场所的有效控烟措施。
Exposure to secondhand smoke is increasingly a concern for global public health agencies, where secondhand smoke can damage many parts of the body and organs and its health risks have been corroborated by numerous scientific studies. Our public exposure to secondhand smoke is very extensive, including family, public places and workplaces are passive smoking more serious. 67% of second-hand smoke exposure groups are in public places and 35% are exposed to secondhand smoke in the workplace. People of different ages, genders and occupations also have different rates of exposure to secondhand smoke at all kinds of venues. Men 25 to 59 years of age have the highest exposure to public places and workplaces. Internet cafes are one of the most serious sites for exposure to secondhand smoke. Among Internet users in China, 70.7% of Internet users are under 24 years of age and 39.2% of Internet users access Internet cafes. Internet cafes have become the main Internet access sites for young Internet users. Many young people in Internet cafes spend more time online each time. If they can not effectively ban the smoking inside their premises, secondhand smoke will seriously harm the health of Internet access young people and strengthen the supervision on tobacco control in such places. Significance. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the second-hand smoke exposure of Internet cafes in China, review the successful tobacco control experience in public places in the world, and explore effective tobacco control measures in Internet cafes and other public places that are suitable for China’s national conditions.