《过秦论》一文主要有两处使用了对比衬托的手法。一是将秦开始时的兴盛与后来的衰亡形成对比;二是将九国攻秦时气势之猛而失败之惨与秦国的强大形成对比。这样写的意义是什么呢? 先说第一处。既然要言秦之“过”,却从它的“功”写起,不先说秦之亡先言秦之兴,其意义在于从大量历史事实的对比中引出结论。课文前四段以时间为顺序,详略有致地概述了秦从攻到守,由兴到衰的全过程。第一段写秦孝公依仗险要地势,凭借改革变法,意欲吞并天下;第二段写惠文、武、昭襄三代进而蚕食列国,而诸侯谋弱秦,反被秦所败;第三段写秦始皇以武力剿灭同列,统一天下,致使“胡人不敢南下而牧 There are two ways to use contrasting techniques in the article “After the Qin Dynasty”. One is to contrast the prosperity of Qin with the subsequent decline; the second is to compare the fierce and unsuccessful defeat of the nine countries when they attacked the Qin Dynasty and the strength of the Qin State. What is the meaning of this writing? Let me talk about the first place. Since it is to be said that “Qin” is “overdone,” it is written from its “work”. Without first mentioning Qin’s death as the preface of Qin’s prosperity, its significance lies in drawing conclusions from the comparison of a large number of historical facts. The first four paragraphs of the text are in chronological order, giving a detailed overview of the entire process from Qin’s attack to the guard, from prosperity to decline. The first paragraph was written by Qin Xiaogong, relying on the difficult terrain, by reforming the reforms, intending to annex the world; the second paragraph was written by Huiwen, Wu, and Zhaolu and then eroded the nations. The princes fought Qin and was defeated by Qin. The third paragraph was written. Qin Shi Huang used military force to destroy the same column and unify the whole world, resulting in “The Huren did not dare to go south and grazing.