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一、概述汽轮机在启动,停机以及负荷变化等动态过程中,高温部分的汽缸和转子产生很大的热应力,在交变热应力的作用下,将发生低周疲劳损坏。早期的大型高参数机组多是先发现高温部分的汽缸內壁产生热疲劳裂纹,于是引起了重视,并在结构方面采取了一些措施,其中主要是采用双重缸和采用新型的喷咀室、主汽门以实现全周进汽启动。通过这些改进已使现代大型汽轮机高温部分静子部件的使用寿命问题基本上得到解决,这样一来,转子的寿命就决定了整个机组的寿命,如果延长了转子的寿命,也就延长了汽轮机的寿命,即汽轮机转子的寿命就是汽轮机机组的寿命。所谓转子的寿命是指转子从投运开始直
I. Overview Steam turbine in the start-up, downtime and load changes and other dynamic processes, the high temperature part of the cylinder and the rotor have a lot of thermal stress, alternating thermal stress under the action of low-cycle fatigue damage will occur. Early large-scale high-parameter unit is the first to find high-temperature part of the cylinder wall thermal fatigue cracks, then attracted attention and taken some measures in the structure, which is mainly the use of dual-cylinder and the use of new nozzle chamber, the main Valve to achieve full steam into the start. These improvements have substantially solved the problem of the service life of high-temperature partial static parts of modern large-scale steam turbines so that the life of the rotor determines the life of the entire unit. If the rotor life is prolonged, the life of the turbine is prolonged , That is, the life of the turbine rotor is the life of the turbine unit. The so-called rotor life refers to the rotor from the commissioning straight