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生物技术与激光技术在20世纪发展迅速。飞秒激光与其他长脉冲激光相比具有以下明显的特征:1)由于能量淀积时间短,在激光加工时,可以实现热效应可以忽略的超精细加工;2)聚焦时焦点附近的光子密度大,可以实现基于高度非线性过程的有空间选择的微观结构操控。因此,飞秒激光问世以来,其优越的特性引起了科学家,包括生物学家的普遍关注。本文综述了飞秒在现代生物学领域中的一些应用,包括基于多光子和二阶以及三阶光学非线性的生物三维成像、研究化学反应和生物学动力学过程、活细胞操纵以及生物材料的微处理和纳米尺度生物结构的切割等。
Biotechnology and laser technology developed rapidly in the 20th century. Compared with other long pulse lasers, femtosecond laser has the following obvious features: 1) Due to the short energy deposition time, it is possible to realize superfine processing with negligible thermal effects during laser processing; 2) The photon density near the focal point during focusing is large , A space-selective microstructure control based on highly nonlinear processes can be achieved. Therefore, since the advent of femtosecond laser, its superior characteristics have aroused widespread concern of scientists, including biologists. This article reviews some applications of femtosecond in the field of modern biology, including biological three-dimensional imaging based on multiphoton and second- and third-order optical nonlinearities, the study of chemical reactions and biological kinetics, living cell manipulation, and biomaterials Microprocessing and cutting of nanoscale biological structures.