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目的分析贺州市手足口病流行病学特征,为防控决策提供科学依据。方法收集2008年5月-2010年5月贺州市手足口病疫情和实验室检测资料,统计分析3年同期的发病率、发病人群特征、病例地域分布特征、流行消长特征和实验室检测结果。结果 2008年5月-2010年5月,发病逐年上升。3年病例分别覆盖81.36%、81.36%和93.22%的乡镇。农村发病占总病例数的64.22%。3年发病高峰期徘徊在3～7月份。4 285例手足口病病例中,以5岁以下儿童为主,占93.23%。发病男性高于女性,为1.69～1.84:1。散居儿童发病(含聚集性病例)明显高于托幼儿童,为3.64～5.32:1。实验室标本检测以EV71阳性为主,占24.10%;CoxA16阳性16例,占19.28%。结论 3年发病呈逐年上升趋势,农村发病比重大于城镇,防控任务依然艰巨。疫情高发地区次年发病会有下降,而发病率低的地区次年发病会有所上升。3～7月为流行高峰。散居儿童发病明显高于托幼儿童,防控难度增大。男性发病高于女性,手足口病发病是否具有性别易感性,有待进一步研究。贺州市手足口病流行的优势毒株为EV71。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Hezhou and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control decision-making. Methods The epidemic situation of HFMD and laboratory test data collected from May 2008 to May 2010 in Hezhou City were collected. The incidence rates, incidence population characteristics, geographical distribution of cases, epidemic growth characteristics and laboratory test results were statistically analyzed. Results From May 2008 to May 2010, the incidence increased year by year. The 3-year cases cover 81.36%, 81.36% and 93.22% of townships respectively. Rural incidence accounted for 64.22% of the total number of cases. 3-year peak incidence of hovering in March to July. Of the 4 285 hand, foot and mouth disease cases, children under 5 years old accounted for 93.23%. The incidence of male than female, 1.69 ~ 1.84: 1. The incidence of diaspora (including aggregated cases) was significantly higher than that of child care children, ranging from 3.64 to 5.32: 1. Laboratory specimens were mainly EV71 positive, accounting for 24.10%; CoxA16 positive in 16 cases, accounting for 19.28%. Conclusions The incidence of three years is increasing year by year, and the incidence of rural diseases is greater than that of cities and towns. The task of prevention and control is still arduous. The incidence of endemic areas will decline in the next year, while the incidence of low incidence in the following year will increase. 3 to July for the peak of the epidemic. The incidence of diaspora was significantly higher than that of kindergartens and nurses, and the difficulty of prevention and control increased. The incidence of male is higher than that of female, and the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease is gender-susceptible. It needs further study. The dominant strain of HFMD in Hezhou City is EV71.