肝脏疾病的免疫学问题研究甚多,但迄今一些重要机理尚待深入探讨。本文将复习自身或异体免疫所致免疫性肝损害的启动机制、肝病迁延不愈的免疫机理以及肝病的诊断、预防和治疗诸问题,并就肝病免疫问题的研究方向提出展望。免疫性的肝损害目前已有几种方法可建立急性免疫性肝损害的动物模型,如注射肝匀浆、抗原或已形成的免疫复合物等。虽胆管抗原能产生类似胆汁性肝硬化的损害,注射外源性蛋白质可致肝脏纤维化形成,但一般认为形成实验性慢性肝损害较为困难。实验性动物自身演变的肝损害模 There are many studies on the immunological problems of liver diseases, but some important mechanisms have yet to be explored in depth. This review will review the mechanisms of initiation of autoimmune liver damage caused by autoimmune or allogeneic immunity, immune mechanisms of delayed graft disease, and the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatopathy, and put forward the prospect of research on the immunological problems of hepatic diseases. Immunological liver damage There are several ways to establish animal models of acute immune liver damage, such as injection of liver homogenate, antigens or immune complexes formed. Although bile duct antigens can produce similar biliary cirrhosis damage, injection of exogenous proteins can cause liver fibrosis, but the formation of experimental chronic liver damage is generally considered more difficult. Experimental animals develop their own model of liver damage