所谓马克思主义的基本定理,即正的剩余价值率是正的平均利润率的充分必要条件,最先由置盐信雄提出并加以论述,后来又由森岛通夫和其他人进一步补充和完善。但是,在他们的证明中,存在一些重要的缺陷,如错误地断言从每个部门都有正的利润可以推出每个部门都有正的净产出,以及不必要地假定所谓增广投入系数矩阵不可分解。这些缺陷意味着他们对马克思主义基本定理的证明实际上并不十分成功。本文根据马克思关于社会总产品的物质构成和价值构成的理论,重新证明了马克思主义的基本定理。在这一重新证明中,无须假定每个部门都有正的净产出,也无须假定增广系数矩阵不可分解。就此而言,本文的证明适用性更广,也更加具有一般性。 The so-called basic theorem of Marxism, that is, the positive residual value rate is a necessary and sufficient condition for a positive average rate of profit, was first proposed and discussed by Yasuhiro Salt, and later further supplemented and perfected by Morimizu Mori and others. However, there are some important shortcomings in their proof, such as falsely asserting that each department has positive profits, and that each department can have positive net output, and that it is not necessary to assume that the so-called augmented input coefficient Matrix can not be decomposed. These shortcomings mean that their proof of the basic theorem of Marxism has actually not been very successful. Based on Marx’s theory of the material composition and value of the total social product, this article re-proved the basic theorem of Marxism. In this renewed proof, it is not necessary to assume that each department has a positive net output and that it is not necessary to assume that the augmented coefficient matrix can not be decomposed. In this regard, the proof of this article is more general and more general.