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鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病(以下简称鼠伤寒)是由鼠伤寒杆菌引起的一种传染病。自1892年发现本菌,至今已有近百年的历史。由于耐药、变异,已使鼠伤寒由食物型转入流行型。国外50年代发现本病流行,多发生在医院。直至70年代末,发病率一直保持较高水平。以发达的国家较为严重。苏联的一位学者1957年报导,过去的两年中,分别从6.3%和8.8%的“痢疾”患者中,分离到鼠伤寒菌。这些病例大部份为2岁以内的婴儿。在波兰,小儿腹泻中,沙门氏菌感染占10%,其中9/10是鼠伤寒。在南美州,有不少病例,同时感染2—3个菌型。1958年Datta首先确认了一起医院内由耐药菌株所引起的经人接触传播的鼠伤寒流行。此后在世界各地的医院里,曾发生多次暴发。1976年在芬兰、西德等地曾在航空班机上,发生鼠伤寒流行,从饮食从业人员、病人及蛋黄酱均分离
Salmonella typhimurium (hereinafter referred to as typhoid fever) is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Since 1892, this bacterium has been found nearly a hundred years old. Due to resistance, mutation, has made typhoid from food-based to epidemic. Abroad found the disease epidemic in the 1950s, occurred in the hospital. Until the late 70s, the incidence rate has been maintained at a high level. The developed countries are more serious. A Soviet scholar reported in 1957 that S. typhimurium was isolated from “dysentery” patients in 6.3% and 8.8% respectively in the past two years. Most of these cases are babies under 2 years of age. In Poland, in children with diarrhea, Salmonella infections account for 10%, of which 9/10 are typhus. In South America, there are many cases, while infected 2-3 bacteria. In 1958, Datta first identified a contagious typhoid epidemic caused by drug-resistant strains in a hospital. Since then, several outbreaks have taken place in hospitals around the world. 1976 in Finland, West Germany and other places in the airline flight, the occurrence of typhoid fever epidemic, from the diet practitioners, patients and mayonnaise are separated