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分析不同灌溉施肥方式下氮素时空分布特征可为改进畦灌施肥技术与方法提供科学依据。该研究基于冬小麦返青灌溉开展的不同入畦流量下撒施和液施硫酸铵时获得的畦灌试验观测结果,分析2种不同施肥方式下地表水流和土壤中氮素时空分布规律,讨论不同施肥方式下影响灌后土壤氮素空间分布均匀性的要素。结果表明,施肥方式对地表水流和土壤中氮素分布影响显著,入畦流量对其影响不显著。液施下地表水流中氮素时空分布差异不显著,撒施下具有明显时空变异性;液施能明显改善灌后土壤氮素空间分布均匀性,灌后1d1m土层内氮素空间变异系数为0.07,明显小于撒施。土壤氮素增量分布均匀性在液施下主要与灌水量分布有关,撒施下则与地表水流中氮素分布和灌水量分布有关。液施在提高施肥均匀性和减小灌溉期间肥的损失方面优于撒施,且更易于水肥联合管理。
Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of nitrogen under different irrigation and fertilization modes can provide scientific basis for improving techniques and methods of fertigation. Based on the observed results of tillage irrigation experiment under different application rates of ammonium sulfate in different inflow rates of winter wheat, the spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen in surface water and soil under two different fertilization modes were analyzed. The effects of different fertilization modes Under the impact of irrigation soil nitrogen spatial distribution of the elements. The results showed that the effect of fertilization mode on the surface water flow and soil nitrogen distribution was significant. The inflow rate did not affect significantly. There was no significant difference in spatio-temporal distribution of nitrogen in surface water under liquid application, and obvious spatial-temporal variability was observed under the application of irrigation. The application of liquid could obviously improve the spatial distribution uniformity of nitrogen in irrigation soil. The spatial variation coefficient of nitrogen in 1d1m soil was 0.07, significantly less than spreading. The uniformity of nitrogen increment in soil was mainly related to the distribution of irrigation water, while the distribution of nitrogen was related to the distribution of nitrogen and the distribution of irrigation water in surface water. Liquid application is superior to spreading in increasing fertilizer uniformity and reducing fertilizer loss during irrigation, and is easier to manage in combination with water and fertilizer.