目的]评价十年来推行《中国常见恶性肿瘤诊治规范》(以下简称《规范》)的效果 ,为卫生行政部门进一步促进该项工作提供科学决策依据。[方法]采用连续跟踪、随机抽样的方法 ,对二、三级医院1140例食管、胃、肝、结肠、直肠、肺、乳腺癌出院病例 ,以《规范》为标准 ,分规范、基本规范、不规范和无法评价四个层次 ,邀请相关专家实施评审。[结果]上海市恶性肿瘤总体规范治疗率为36 67 % ,基本规范治疗率为45 53 % ,两率合并达82 20% ;与1993年相比 ,不规范治疗率下降了13个百分点 ;区级医院规范治疗率(41 32%)高于市级(30 51%)和县级医院(30 45%);市级医院基本规范治疗率高且恒定。不同肿瘤规范治疗率以食管癌(68 57%)为最高 ,肝癌(67 47%)次之 ;不同治疗方法 ,以手术规范治疗率(42 15 %)为最高 ;明确分期的病例占36 94 % ,未作分期的比例高达56 67%。[结论]针对问题和不足 ,采取针对性措施 ,加大培训和质控力度 ,创造支持性环境 ,探索有机的综合治疗的工作模式 ,制定转诊政策是进一步提高恶性肿瘤诊治水平 ,提高治愈率、生存率和生存质量的关键 Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the “Code for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Malignant Tumors in China” (hereinafter referred to as the “Code”) in the past decade, and to provide scientific decision-making basis for the health administrative department to further promote this work. [Methods] Using continuous tracking and random sampling methods, 1140 cases of esophagogastric, liver, colon, rectal, lung, and breast cancer were discharged from hospitals of second and third grades. Not standardized and unable to evaluate the four levels, invited relevant experts to implement the review. [Results] The overall standard treatment rate of malignant tumors in Shanghai was 36 67 %, the basic standard treatment rate was 45 53 %, and the two rates combined reached 82 20%. Compared with 1993, the rate of non-standardized treatment decreased by 13 percentage points; The standard treatment rate of the hospital (41 32%) was higher than that of the municipal level (30 51%) and county-level hospitals (30 45%); the basic standard treatment rate of municipal hospitals was high and constant. The standard treatment rates of different tumors were highest in esophageal cancer (68 57%), followed by liver cancer (67 47%); the highest standard of treatment (42 15%) was the highest in different treatment methods; the number of definite stages was 36 94% The proportion of unscheduled up to 56 67%. [Conclusion] Targeting the problems and deficiencies, taking targeted measures, increasing training and quality control, creating a supportive environment, exploring the mode of organic comprehensive treatment, and formulating a referral policy to further improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors and improve the cure rate , survival and quality of life