近年来,人们曾利用数种细胞浆的、细胞膜的以及细胞外的可溶性标志来识别人体组织标本、体液与组织培养中的恶性肿瘤细胞。其中最广泛使用的一种肿瘤相关标志为癌胚抗原(CEA)。迄今已证明数种上皮性恶性肿瘤,尤其是胃肠道癌、乳腺癌、肺癌和卵巢癌等患者血清中CEA 水平升高。此外亦有报 In recent years, several cytoplasmic, cell membrane, and extracellular soluble markers have been used to identify malignant tissue cells in human tissue samples, body fluids, and tissue cultures. One of the most widely used tumor-associated markers is Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). So far, several epithelial malignancies, especially gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and ovarian cancer, have been shown to have elevated serum CEA levels. There are also reports