“信息所指”、“信息所指对象”、“信息能指”以及“信息能度”等概念不仅可深化对信息的理论认识,甚至可解决哲学认识论中的重大问题。信息所指即信息自身并不是信息所指对象。生命体的信息能力尤其是信息能度不同,面对同一信息所指对象会形成不同的信息或不形成信息。“信息能指”即“信息能度”的现实表现,它是“可知”与“不可知”之间的理论边界。而且不同生命体的这一边界并不相同。“可知论者”和“不可知论者”的共同错误是漠视了这一边界的存在。 The concepts of “information”, “the object of information”, “information ability” and “information ability” can not only deepen the theoretical understanding of information, but also solve the major problems in philosophical epistemology. Information refers to information that is not itself the object of information. The information ability of living body is different from that of information. In the face of the same information, the object can form different information or not form information. The “information signifier” is the reality of “information ability”, which is the theoretical boundary between “knowable” and “unknowable”. And different living entities of this border are not the same. The common mistake of “knowables” and “agnostic” is to ignore the existence of this boundary.