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目的研究城市和乡村妊娠晚期与产后妇女骨密度变化,分析结果及相关影响因素。方法随机选取妊娠期的妇女1162例,分为城市组(A组)和乡村组(B组),采用美国GE公司Lunar Achilles超声骨密度测量仪分别于妊娠晚期与产后60天监测其左足跟骨的骨密度(BMD),比较两组间骨密度及年龄、体重指数(BMI)、新生儿体重、分娩方式等对BMD的影响。结果产前、产后A组骨量减少及骨质疏松发生率均比B组高,结果有显著性差异。体重指数(BMI)与骨密度呈正相关,年龄、孕产次及新生儿体重与骨密度呈负相关,结果有显著性差异。结论孕晚期及产后妇女骨质疏松及骨量减少的发生率较高,且城市孕产妇的发生率比乡村发生率高。高龄、高出生体重儿、钙摄入不足、低BMI、孕产次增多等均是孕晚期及产后骨量丢失的风险因素,补钙、充足的日照、适量的运动及合理膳食均有利于降低骨量丢失的发生。
Objective To study the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in late pregnancy and postpartum women in urban and rural areas, the analysis results and related influencing factors. Methods A total of 1162 pregnant women were randomly divided into urban group (group A) and rural group (group B). The left heel of the left heel was measured in the third trimester of pregnancy and the postpartum day by the GE GE Lunar Achilles ultrasonic bone mineral density meter. (BMD). The BMD was compared between the two groups in terms of bone mineral density and age, body mass index (BMI), weight of newborn, mode of delivery and so on. Results Prenatal and postnatal A group osteopenia and osteoporosis incidence were higher than the B group, the results were significantly different. Body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density was positively correlated, age, pregnancy and neonatal weight and bone mineral density was negatively correlated, the results were significantly different. Conclusion The incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in the third trimester and postpartum women is high, and the incidence of maternal pregnancy in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas. Elderly, high birth weight infants, inadequate intake of calcium, low BMI, increased number of pregnancy and so on were the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum bone loss risk factors, calcium, adequate sunshine, moderate exercise and reasonable diet are conducive to reduce The occurrence of bone loss.