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本文以英国为主要研究对象,论述近三十年来工业发达资本主义国家社会结构发生的重大变化,分析现代资本主义社会阶级结构发展的主要趋势.文章指出,社会进一步两极分化的趋势是这些国家的特点,其表现之一是,在自立人口中雇佣劳动者的数量和比重增长.雇佣劳动人数与企业家、自立人口数量之间对比关系的变动直接影响了阶级和社会阶层之间的对比关系.然而,在这期间变动最剧烈的不是在阶级之间,而是在阶级内部.雇佣劳动者人数普遍增长,他们的成分也发生了重大变化.过去,雇佣劳动力的绝大多数是产业工人;现在,非体力劳动的被雇佣(职员)集团发展迅速.在英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰,工业无产阶级仍然是工人阶级的基本核心,其人数占全体工人人数的一半以上.工业无产阶级绝对人数虽然继续增加,但矿工、码头工人、运输工人、纺织工人等传统职业的人数普遍下降;某些新的加工工业部门工人的人数增加了.
This paper takes Britain as the main research object, discusses the major changes in the social structure of industrialized capitalist countries in the past 30 years, and analyzes the main trends in the development of class structure in modern capitalist society.The article points out that the trend of further polarization of society is that these countries One of its manifestations is the increase in the number and proportion of employed workers in the self-supporting population.The changes in the comparative relationship between the number of wage-earners and the number of entrepreneurs and self-supporting people have a direct impact on the comparative relationship between classes and social strata. However, the most dramatic changes during this period were not between classes, but within the class, with a general increase in the number of wage-earners and a significant change in their composition. In the past, the overwhelming majority of wage-workers were industrial workers; now , The group of employed (staff) non-manual labor is growing rapidly, and in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, the industrial proletariat remains the basic nucleus of the working class, accounting for more than half of the total number of workers, although the absolute number of industrial proletarians Continue to increase, but miners, dockers, transport workers, textile workers and so on A general decline in the number of professional system; some of the new number of processing industries sector workers has increased.