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一、绪言铁道车轮必须满足如下要求:(1)有支承轴重的足够强度;(2)有对踏面形状变化的阻力(耐磨性);(3)有对表面接触压力反复作用的阻力(耐剥离性);(4)有对与钢轨或闸瓦之间产生的热负荷的阻力(耐热裂性);(5)即使在发生热裂或剥离时也具有不易产生脆性断裂的阻力(耐裂损性)等。为此,就要确定能够满足这些要求的车轮的材质和形状。特别是在材料的选择上,在某些场合,上述(1)～(5)点特性具有互相相反的性质,而且对所选材料重视哪些特性的考虑角度也不相同。但是,在某些特定线路上走行的车轮有发生较多热裂和剥离的倾向。而磨耗则是利用摩擦力时必然要产生的
I. INTRODUCTION Railway wheels must meet the following requirements: (1) sufficient strength to support axle weight; (2) resistance to changes in tread shape (wear resistance); (3) resistance to repeated contact pressure on the surface Resistance to peeling); (4) resistance to thermal load generated between the rail and the brake shoe (resistance to thermal cracking); (5) resistance to brittle fracture even when thermal cracking or peeling occurs Crack resistance) and so on. To do this, determine the material and shape of the wheel that meets these requirements. Especially in material selection, in some cases, the above (1) to (5) point characteristics have opposite properties and the consideration of which property is important for the selected material is not the same. However, wheels traveling on certain lines tend to have more tendency to crack and peel. The wear is the use of friction must be generated