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土壤磷酸酶对有机磷的矿化及植物的磷素营养有重要影响。目前测定土壤磷酸酶活性采用的基质主要有磷酸苯二钠(CAS编号:3279-54-7)和对硝基苯磷酸二钠(CAS编号:4264-83-9)两种。国际上对土壤磷酸酶活性的测定普遍采用对硝基苯磷酸二钠,而国内大部分学者主要采用磷酸苯二钠。由于不同类型的基质对磷酸酶活性的测定结果有很大影响,所以选择适宜的基质种类对磷酸酶活性进行测定有很大的不确定性。为探讨碱性磷酸酶活性的测定方法,以磷酸苯二钠和对硝基苯磷酸二钠为基质,选用酸性、中性和碱性土壤各10个土样,比较了依据《土壤酶及其研究法》(DPP1),《Method in Soil Biology》(DPP2)和《Methods of Soil Enzymology》(PNPP)书中所介绍的测定方法所获结果之间的差异。结果表明:三种方法所测的三种类型土壤磷酸酶活性的变化趋势基本一致,但不同土壤之间差异性的变化幅度有明显不同。在酸性土壤和碱性土壤中,DPP1和DPP2所测十个土样碱性磷酸酶活性之间的变异系数属于中度变异,而PNPP则属于高度变异;在中性土壤中,DPP1和DPP2属于低度变异,PNPP属于中度变异。总的来看,PNPP比DPP1和DPP2敏感。此外,由于PNPP具有高精确度、培养时间短和实验操作简便等优点,我们建议采用PNPP进行碱性磷酸酶活性的测定。
Soil phosphatase plays an important role in the mineralization of organic phosphorus and the phosphorus nutrition in plants. At present, two main substrates used to determine soil phosphatase activity are benzene disodium phosphate (CAS No. 3279-54-7) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium (CAS No. 4264-83-9). Globally, the determination of soil phosphatase activity generally uses p-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium, while most domestic scholars mainly use phenyl disodium phosphate. Since different types of matrices have a large effect on the determination of phosphatase activity, there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the determination of phosphatase activity by the choice of the appropriate substrate type. In order to explore the method for determination of alkaline phosphatase activity, 10 samples of acid, neutral and alkaline soil were selected from the base of benzene disodium phosphate and disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The soil enzyme and its Differences between the results obtained from the assays described in the Research Methods (DPP1), Method in Soil Biology (DPP2) and Methods of Soil Enzymology (PNPP). The results showed that the changes of phosphatase activity of the three types of soil tested by the three methods were basically the same, but the differences in the differences among different soils were significantly different. In acidic soils and alkaline soils, the variation coefficients of alkaline phosphatase activity of ten soil samples tested by DPP1 and DPP2 belonged to moderate variation, while PNPP belonged to highly variation. In neutral soil, DPP1 and DPP2 belonged to Low variation, PNPP belongs to moderate variation. In general, PNPP is more sensitive than DPP1 and DPP2. In addition, PNPP is recommended for the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity due to its high precision, short incubation time and ease of experimentation.