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本文阐释了大众消费主义在美国的兴起以及向全球,特别是中国传播的历史。论文第一部分考察了20世纪初期美国大众消费主义的特征以及随着消费主义开始重塑美国人的生活而引发的争论,认为美国消费主义的兴起实际上与美国人对丰裕社会中生产过剩问题的担心有关,同时也是不断扩大市场的需要。第二部分考察了美国大众消费品向海外的出口、美国形象的输出以及随之而来的关于美国化的争论。在第三部分,作者认为,美国的消费主义模式在输出过程中逐渐适应当地的社会与文化,到20世纪70和80年代,世界各地的消费主义实际上越来越多样化,人们不再像过去那样把消费主义的扩张等同于美国化,相反,消费主义被认为是一种支持,而不是消弱了国家和个人身份多样性的现象。实际上,正是这种多元地方消费主义的扩张在一定程度上促进了冷战的结束。作者在结论中指出,关于大众消费主义的争论在世界各地仍然在继续,但争论的焦点不再是对“美国化”或“文化帝国主义”的恐惧,而更关注环境的可持续性和财富的分配等问题。尽管大众消费主义可以在全球范围内通过适应不同地区的文化而产生强大的吸引力,但它所反映的仍然是20世纪初期美国人的观念,而这一观念越来越落后于时代,那就是:在一个资源丰裕的世界里,需要不断地刺激人们的欲望和需求。
This article illustrates the rise of mass consumerism in the United States and its spread to the rest of the world, especially China. The first part of the dissertation examines the characteristics of American mass consumerism in the early 20th century and the controversy that has arisen as consumerism began to reshape the lives of Americans. It argues that the rise of American consumerism is actually in line with the Americans’ overproduction in an affluent society Concerned about, but also constantly expanding market needs. The second part examines the export of U.S. consumer goods to overseas markets, the output of the U.S. image, and the ensuing debate over the Americanization. In the third section, the author argues that the consumerism model in the United States gradually adapted to local society and culture in the export process. Consumerism in different parts of the world was actually becoming more and more diversified by the 1970s and 1980s, and people no longer behaved like in the past In that case, the expansion of consumerism equated with Americanization. On the contrary, consumerism was considered as a kind of support rather than a weakening of the diversity of states and individuals. In fact, it is the expansion of such pluralist local consumerism that has contributed to some extent to the end of the cold war. In conclusion, the author points out that the debate on mass consumerism continues all over the world, but the focus of debate is no longer the fear of “Americanization ” or “Cultural Empire ”, but more concerned with the environment Continuity and the distribution of wealth and other issues. Although mass consumerism can generate a strong global appeal by adapting to the cultures of different regions, it still reflects the notion of Americans in the early part of the 20th century, and this concept lags behind the times more and more In an affluent world, there is a constant need to stimulate people’s desires and needs.