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目的 研究小剂量电离辐射慢性照射的致白血病作用并评价其危害。方法 用O/E程序分析了我国 2 4个省、直辖市、自治区 195 0～ 1980年在职的 2 70 11名医用诊断X射线工作者和 2 5 782名医院其他科室医务工作者 195 0～ 1995年白血病的发病资料。结果 X射线工作者白血病的发病率明显高于对照 ,相对危险度 (RR)为 2 .17,95 %可信限 (CI) 1.5 8～ 2 .91。白血病的RR以 196 0年前开始从事放射工作和开始从事放射工作时年龄小于 2 0岁者最高 ,且其发病年龄也明显提前。结论 医用诊断X射线工作者患白血病的危险与职业X射线照射有关。当X射线照射剂量累积到一定水平时 ,可导致患白血病的危险明显增高。
Objective To study the effect of chronic exposure to low dose ionizing radiation on leukemia and evaluate its harm. Methods The O/E program was used to analyze 2 701 medical X-ray workers in 24 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 195 0 to 1980, and 2,782 hospital medical staff in other departments from 195 0 to 1995. The incidence of leukemia. Results The incidence of leukemia among X-ray workers was significantly higher than that of controls. The relative risk (RR) was 2.17, and the 95% confidence limit (CI) was 1.58-2.91. The RR of leukemia was highest among individuals younger than 20 years old who began radiation work and started radiation work 196 years ago, and the age of onset was also significantly advanced. Conclusion The risk of leukemia in medical diagnostic X-ray workers is related to occupational X-ray exposure. When the X-ray irradiation dose accumulates to a certain level, the risk of developing leukemia can be significantly increased.